In\n1996, IBM\u2019s chess computer (\u201cDeep Blue\u201d) beat world champion chess master Gary\nKasparov in the first game of a match. It was the first time a computer had\nbeat a grandmaster. Kasparov went on to win the match and a re-match was set\nfor the following year. In that match, the computer beat Kasparov. Kasparov\ncomplained that the team managing the computer had violated the rules. He\nrefused to play the computer again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In\n2006, \u201cDeep Fritz,\u201d beat grandmaster Vladimir Kramnik, the world champion. With\nthis loss, Kramnik and other observers felt that the world of \u201chuman\u201d chess had\nreached its “end” <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Computers and programs benefited from two factors. The computer’s memory contained massive databases of historic games. The computer analyzed the current game position up to 200 million times per second. The resulting games played by the computer were indistinguishable from master games. A human could not tell which side human and which computer. In this sense, the computer\u2019s intelligence had passed the Turing test. Thus, computers could play as well as and better<\/em> than grandmaster level humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In\n2016, Google\u2019s \u201cAlpha Go\u201d computer played a match with Lee Sedol, the world\u2019s\ntop GO player. Go masters felt that computers would not be able to beat them.\nThey asserted that GO required more “intuition” to reach master’s\nlevel play. Alpha Go beat Lee Sedol. In the following year, an improved version\nof Alpha Go beat Ke Jie, the reigning grandmaster. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Alpha GO integrated \u201cartificial intelligence\u201d with \u201cmachine learning.\u201d In recent time, these computers have far surpassed human skills. But the most important thing is this. Given only the rules, with no database of games, the computer was set to play itself. <\/em>There was no human intervention. Within 40 days, the computer not only beat all human players but also all lesser machines. Moreover, the resulting games showed play no one had ever seen before. Grandmasters did not recognize the intelligence that led to the winning outcomes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n AI\nis well on its way to becoming not “artificial” intelligence, but\n“alien” intelligence.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n When computers beat grandmaster humans in chess and GO, the machines are intelligent. They pass the Turing test. But what we are looking at now is that humans may not be able to pass what I’ll call the Lem Test<\/em>. Humans may not be able to understand the intelligence machines are now producing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n This\nis the point of the recent posts on Solaris. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n This “revolution” is coming to all fields of human activity. Be ready!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In 1996, IBM\u2019s chess computer (\u201cDeep Blue\u201d) beat world champion chess master Gary Kasparov in the first game of a match. It was the first time a computer had beat a grandmaster. Kasparov went on to win the match and a re-match was set for the following year. In that match, the computer beat Kasparov. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coming-soon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=750"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":751,"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/750\/revisions\/751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ralockhart.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}